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Fair dealing

Use of works for purposes of private study, research, criticism, review or news reporting that does not constitute infringement of copyright.

Fees

Specific sums payable for various services provided by United States Patent and Trademark Office.

First to file

A patent system in which the first inventor to file a patent application for a specific invention is entitled to the patent. In Canada and in most other countries, the first person to file has priority over other people claiming rights for the same invention.